GPS Tracking Laws in the USA (State-by-State, 2025)

Can you legally track someone’s car in your state?

Maybe it’s your teenager’s new ride. Or a company vehicle you’re responsible for. Heck, maybe even your spouse’s car.

The short answer is….sometimes.

But here’s the thing, knowing the law isn’t just about staying legal. Knowing GPS tracking laws are about keeping yourself out of trouble, avoiding fines, and making smart choices that don’t backfire.

So, what’s actually allowed? And what could get you into hot water? 

I’ll walk you through federal rules, state-specific laws, penalties, and consent requirements. You’ll see exactly what’s legal, what could land you in trouble, and how to protect yourself before placing a tracker on any vehicle.

By the end of this guide, you’ll have all the answers. And more importantly, you’ll feel confident navigating GPS tracking laws in the USA like a pro. No guessing. No confusion.

Key Takeaways

• Federal rules set the baseline. Cases like Jones and Carpenter make GPS tracking without consent risky.
• State laws differ. Some are strict. Some are relaxed. Penalties vary.
• Employers need consent to track. Most states require notice before tracking company vehicles or phones.
• Tracking the wrong person? Spouse, teen, or employee, and get it wrong, and fines or jail could follow.
• Use a GPS Consent Kit. Written forms and checklists keep you covered.
• Updated for 2025. Laws and enforcement are changing. Stay informed.

Federal GPS Tracking Laws: What You Need to Know

Let’s keep it simple.

The U.S. government does regulate GPS tracking especially for police. But when it comes to private use? The lines get blurry fast.

So if you’re asking, “Can I put a tracker on someone’s car?”  The real answer is: It depends on who you are and why you're doing it.

Are you a cop? You probably need a warrant.

A parent tracking a minor? Usually legal.

A jealous partner tracking without consent? That’s a legal landmine.

This stuff isn’t always black-and-white. But don’t worry, I’ll break it down for you below with clear examples and real federal laws. You’ll know exactly what’s allowed and what could get you sued or arrested.

Let’s break it down.

A. Case Law: The Two Big Supreme Court Rulings

1. United States v. Jones (2012)

• In this landmark case, police placed a GPS tracker under a suspect’s car without a warrant and tracked him for 28 days.
• The Supreme Court ruled this was an unconstitutional search under the Fourth Amendment.

Law enforcement must have a valid warrant before placing a GPS tracker on someone’s private vehicle.

2. Carpenter v. United States (2018)

This case was about cell site location data, but it has big implications for GPS too.

• Police accessed 127 days’ worth of cellphone location records without a warrant.
• The Supreme Court ruled that accessing historical location data requires a warrant due to privacy rights.

Impact: The ruling supports digital privacy, reinforcing the idea that location = sensitive data.

B. Federal Statutes That Matter

Here are the laws that govern electronic surveillance at the federal level:

• Wiretap Act (18 U.S. Code § 2510): Prohibits intercepting electronic communications without consent. This may apply if GPS data is transmitted via cellular.
• Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA): Protects against unauthorized access to electronic data. Some GPS logs or live feeds could fall under this umbrella.
• Stored Communications Act (SCA): Covers stored location data like GPS logs on cloud servers or apps.

These laws mostly apply to government use, but they set the tone for privacy expectations across the board.

C. What About Law Enforcement?

Law enforcement agencies are bound by the Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches.

They need a warrant to place a GPS tracker or pull historical GPS/cell data in most situations.

Exceptions include:

• Consent given by the driver or car owner.
• Exigent circumstances (immediate danger, abduction cases, etc.).
• Use of GPS by federal agencies under specific legal provisions (e.g., Title III surveillance).

D. What About Private Use: Like Tracking Your Teen or Spouse?

Here’s where it gets tricky.

Federal law doesn’t explicitly ban private GPS tracking if:

• You own the vehicle (or are a legal guardian).
• The device doesn’t intercept communications.
• You're not using it to commit a crime or stalk someone.

But...

You can still get into legal trouble at the state level, especially if there’s no consent involved or if the person has a reasonable expectation of privacy.

What’s New in 2025?

Wondering what’s changed this year in GPS tracking laws? 

You’re not alone. Even if you thought you had a handle on federal and state rules, 2025 has brought some interesting updates.

Recent Legal Trends

• Texas AG v. Allstate: This case tackled driver data enforcement. The takeaway? Companies collecting location data now face tighter scrutiny.
• Connecticut GPS police policies: Law enforcement agencies in some states are updating how they handle GPS tracking and especially regarding warrants and consent.
• Notable consent cases: Several states have clarified rules about when consent is needed for tracking employees, customers, or even family.

Why It Matters

• Penalties and enforcement are evolving fast. What might have been a minor fine last year could now carry more serious consequences.
• Have you checked if your state has updated its rules this year? 
• If not, you could be caught off guard. Staying informed isn’t just smart. GPS tracking laws are necessary if you’re using GPS trackers for your fleet management, family, or personal use.

Common GPS Tracking Myths (And What the Law Really Says)

I’ve heard these myths more times than I can count. Let’s bust them, before they land you in legal trouble.

Myth #1: “It’s my car, so I can track anyone in it.”

Not so fast. Just owning the car doesn’t give you the right to track whoever hops inside.

Here’s the deal:
If you’re tracking someone without their knowledge or consent, it could violate state laws, even if it’s your car.

Exceptions? Parents can usually track minor kids, but even that has rules.

Myth #2: “I’m the boss. I can track company phones and vehicles.”

Wrong again. Most states say: no consent = no tracking.

Even if the phone or truck belongs to your company, you’ll still need:

• Clear notice
• Signed GPS policy
• Transparent usage

Skip that? You risk fines, lawsuits, and employee blowback.

Myth #3: “Police don’t need warrants for GPS tracking.”

They usually do.

Thanks to big Supreme Court rulings like U.S. v. Jones and Carpenter v. United States, police must get a warrant to track someone’s car or phone in most cases.

So, if even the cops need permission, you definitely do too.

Reality Check:

• Tracking without consent can be charged as stalking or illegal surveillance.
• Employers must follow state-specific employee GPS tracking laws.
• Federal rules apply nationwide and you’re not exempt just because you’re in Florida or Texas.

Still unsure what’s legal?
You’re not alone. GPS laws are tricky, but staying informed keeps you safe.

State-by-State GPS Tracking Laws (50-State Hub)

Want to know where your state stands? See it at a glance. Some states are lenient. Others are strict. And a few? Well…they’re downright tricky.

1. Alabama GPS Tracking Laws

If you live in Alabama and you’re thinking about sneaking a GPS tracker onto someone’s car, don’t. The state treats it as stalking, and the penalties are heavy.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Secret GPS tracking is electronic stalking.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car. Parents are also allowed to track their minor children.
• Employer rules: Running a business? You can track company cars, but the smart move is to tell employees first.
• Penalties: Misdemeanor charges can mean fines or jail. Felony charges bring even tougher punishments.
• Law enforcement: Even police need a warrant before they can track someone’s vehicle.

• Official statute: Ala. Code § 13A-6-96 and § 13A-6-95.

2. Alaska GPS Tracking Laws

Alaska takes privacy seriously. If your GPS use makes someone scared, you could end up charged with stalking.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. If tracking causes emotional distress or fear, it’s a violation of state law.
• Owner exception: You’re fine tracking your own car, truck, or property.
• Employer rules: Employers should never do this in secret. Always get written consent from employees, consent protects you under both state and federal law.
• Penalties: Violations fall under AS § 11.41.270 (Stalking in the Second Degree).
• Law enforcement: Police must obtain a warrant before using a GPS tracker.
• Official statute: Alaska Statutes § 11.41.270.

3. Arizona GPS Tracking Laws

In Arizona, GPS tracking can cross the line quickly. Track someone too long without permission, and you’re committing harassment.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Monitoring someone for 12+ hours without consent is treated as stalking.
• Owner exception: Tracking your own car? Or your teenager’s? That’s fine.
• Employer rules: Employers may track workers, but only with clear consent.
• Penalties: Violations are usually charged as misdemeanors under harassment laws.
• Law enforcement: Police must get a warrant and notify within 90 days.
• Official statute: Arizona Revised Statutes § 13-2923.

4. Arkansas GPS Tracking Laws

Thinking about using a GPS tracker in Arkansas? You need clear consent first. Skip that, and you could be crossing into harassment territory.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Consent is a must.
• Owner exception: You can track your own vehicle or your child’s, no problem.
• Employer rules: Employers should always tell employees before tracking company cars or phones.
• Penalties: Handled under privacy and stalking laws.
• Law enforcement: Police must have a warrant to track.
• Official statute: Arkansas Code § 5-71-208.

5. California GPS Tracking Laws

If you live in California, here’s the deal: GPS tracking without consent is flat-out illegal. Doesn’t matter if you’re a spouse, a nosy neighbor, or even the vehicle owner in some cases.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Installing a GPS device without consent is a misdemeanor in California.
• Owner exception: You can track a car you own or lease (like your teen’s). Secretly tracking a partner? Still illegal.
• Employer rules: Businesses need written consent to track company vehicles and must follow CCPA/CPRA privacy laws.
• Penalties: Violators face fines, misdemeanor charges, and even business license risks.
• Law enforcement: Police must get a warrant before using a GPS tracker.
• Official statute: California Penal Code § 637.7.

6. Colorado GPS Tracking Laws

Colorado doesn’t play around with GPS tracking, and especially under “Vonnie’s Law.” If tracking makes someone feel afraid or harassed, it can land you in real trouble.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal?Yes. Any tracking that causes emotional distress may be considered harassment.
• Owner exception: You’re safe to track property you own, like your child’s car or your business van.
• Employer rules: Employers can use GPS, but only with clear consent. Doing it secretly is a fast way to invite lawsuits.
• Penalties: No direct criminal GPS law, but stalking/harassment claims can stick.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before attaching any tracker.
• Official reference: Title 18, § 18-3-602 and anti-harassment statutes.
• 7. Connecticut GPS Tracking Laws

In Connecticut, privacy matters. You can’t just slap a tracker on someone’s car — consent or notice is required.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Without notice or consent, GPS use can lead to harassment or stalking charges.
• Owner exception: Tracking your own car is fine, but keeping things transparent is still smart.
• Employer rules: Employers must notify workers if they’re being tracked. Written consent is strongly recommended.
• Penalties: Violations can escalate quickly into harassment or stalking cases.
• Law enforcement: Cops need a warrant, unless it’s an emergency.
• Official statute: Covered under Connecticut privacy and stalking laws.

8. Delaware GPS Tracking Laws

Delaware treats secret GPS tracking the same as illegal surveillance. If you’re thinking about hiding a tracker, don’t.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Installing a tracker without consent is prohibited.
• Owner exception: If you’re the registered owner, you’re in the clear to track your vehicle.
• Employer rules: Employers should always get employee consent first.
• Penalties: Violations fall under anti-stalking and privacy laws.
• Law enforcement: Police must have a warrant before using GPS.
• Official statute: Delaware Code Title 11 § 1335(a)(7).

9. Florida GPS Tracking Laws

Florida has one of the strictest takes on GPS tracking. Even if it’s family, you can’t secretly install a tracker on someone else’s vehicle.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Unauthorized GPS use is a criminal offense.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car, and parents may track minor children for safety, but not for harassment.
• Employer rules: Employers can track company cars, but workers must be informed in writing.
• Penalties: Violations are criminalized and usually charged as misdemeanors.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant for GPS surveillance.
• Official statute: Florida Statute § 934.425.

10. Georgia GPS Tracking Laws

In Georgia, you can’t just slap a GPS tracker on someone’s car and call it a day. The state treats sneaky tracking as surveillance or even stalking.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. If you track someone without their consent, you could be facing stalking charges.
• Owner exception: Want to track your own vehicle? Totally fine. Parents keeping tabs on a teen’s driving? Also allowed.
• Employer rules: Running a business? Get written consent from employees before using GPS.
• Penalties: Depending on how serious the case is, you could be hit with a misdemeanor or even a felony.
• Law enforcement: Police don’t get a free pass either, so they need a warrant first.
• Official statute: Georgia Code O.C.G.A. § 16-11-62.

11. Hawaii GPS Tracking Laws

In Hawaii, you can’t just toss a GPS on someone’s ride and think it’s okay. The state sees secret tracking as electronic surveillance and that means trouble.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. If you track someone without their consent, you’re breaking the law.
• Owner exception: Tracking your own car? Totally fine. Parents using GPS to watch over their teen driver? Allowed too.
• Employer rules: If you’re the boss, don’t skip consent. Get it in writing before you track company cars.
• Penalties: Violations fall under Hawaii’s surveillance and privacy laws. Depending on the case, charges can get serious.
• Law enforcement: Even police need a warrant before slapping on a GPS device. No shortcuts.
• Official statute: Hawaii Revised Statutes § 803-42.

12. Idaho GPS Tracking Laws

In Idaho, there isn’t a GPS-specific statute, but secret tracking can still get you in trouble under stalking laws. Don’t put a tracker on someone else’s car without their OK.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes, often charged as stalking.
• Owner exception: Tracking your own car? Fine. Parents tracking a minor’s car? Generally OK.
• Employer rules: If you’re the boss, get clear, written consent before tracking company vehicles.
• Penalties: Can be prosecuted under Idaho’s stalking statutes.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant
• Official statute: Idaho Code § 18-7906 / § 18-7905

13. Illinois GPS Tracking Laws

If you’re in Illinois, don’t even think about secretly tracking someone else’s car. The law is clear, consent is required.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Using a GPS device without the owner’s consent is against the law.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car, no problem.
• Employer rules: Employers may track company vehicles, but the smart move is to get consent and document it.
• Penalties: Violations can be charged under stalking or privacy laws.
• Law enforcement: Police must have a warrant to place a tracker.
• Official statute: Illinois Criminal Code § 720 ILCS 5/21-2.5.

14. Indiana GPS Tracking Laws

Indiana doesn’t mess around. If you put a GPS on someone’s vehicle without their say-so, you’re breaking the law.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Indiana requires vehicle-owner consent for tracking.
• Owner exception: You can track vehicles you own, like your teen’s car or a company truck.
• Employer rules: Employers need employee consent before tracking. Written proof is best.
• Penalties: Violations can lead to criminal charges under state law.
• Law enforcement: Police must obtain a warrant before using GPS tracking.
• Official statute: Indiana Code § 35-46-8.5-1.

15. Iowa GPS Tracking Laws

Iowa law says GPS tracking needs consent — period. Secretly tracking someone else can land you in legal trouble.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Tracking without permission is unlawful.
• Owner exception: You can track your own property or your child’s vehicle.
• Employer rules: Employers may use GPS for business purposes, but consent is the safe route.
• Penalties: Violations are handled under Iowa privacy and stalking laws.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before placing trackers.
• Official statute: Iowa Code § 708.11A.

16. Kansas GPS Tracking Laws

In Kansas, you can’t track people in secret. But tracking during work hours for business use is usually allowed.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Unauthorized tracking is illegal.
• Owner exception: You can track your own vehicle or your child’s.
• Employer rules: Employers may use GPS for legitimate business purposes, but notice and consent are smart practices.
• Penalties: Violations may be charged under stalking or privacy laws.
• Law enforcement: Police must have a warrant for GPS use.
• Official statute: Kansas Statute § 21-5427.

17. Kentucky GPS Tracking Laws

Kentucky keeps things strict. Even car dealers have to disclose if a tracker is installed in a leased vehicle.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Consent is required.
• Owner exception: You can track your own vehicle, but disclosure is important if others are using it.
• Employer rules: Employers need employee consent before using GPS.
• Penalties: Violations may bring charges under privacy or stalking statutes.
• Law enforcement: Police must obtain a warrant for GPS tracking.
• Official statute: Kentucky Statute § 508.152.

18. Louisiana GPS Tracking Laws

In Louisiana, GPS tracking isn’t something you can just sneak in. The rule is simple: if you don’t have permission, don’t do it.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Secret tracking without consent is illegal.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car, or if you’re a parent, your child’s vehicle.
• Employer rules: Running a business? You can track work vehicles during work hours but only if employees know. Written consent is always safest.
• Penalties: Misuse can fall under privacy or stalking laws, and that can get messy fast.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before using GPS tracking.
• Official statute: Louisiana Revised Statute § 14:323.

19. Maine GPS Tracking Laws

Maine cares about privacy. If you use a GPS tracker to scare, control, or intimidate someone, you’re breaking the law.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. GPS used to cause fear is treated as a crime.
• Owner exception: You can track your own ride or property, no problem there.
• Employer rules: Employers may track company cars, but it should be for a legit business reason and never in secret.
• Penalties: Violations are covered under Maine’s anti-stalking laws.
• Law enforcement: Even police can’t bypass privacy, they need a warrant first.
• Official statute: Title 17-A, Maine Criminal Code.

20. Maryland GPS Tracking Laws

Maryland is tough on GPS misuse. If you secretly track someone, you could be looking at big fines or even jail.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Tracking without consent is criminal stalking.
• Owner exception: You can track your own assets
• Employer rules: Employers must have clear consent from employees before tracking.
• Penalties: You could face up to $5,000 in fines, 5 years in prison, or both.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before they track someone.
• Official statute: Md. Code Ann., Criminal Law § 3-802.

21. Massachusetts GPS Tracking Laws

In Massachusetts, it’s not just about the tracker. Tracking Law is about how it makes people feel. If GPS use causes stress or fear, you’re breaking the law.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Tracking someone that causes them distress or anxiety is a crime.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car or a vehicle you legally own.
• Employer rules: Employers can track company vehicles, but they must avoid practices that cause emotional harm.
• Penalties: Breaking this law can mean fines, jail time, or both.
• Law enforcement: Police officers need a warrant to use GPS trackers.
• Official statute: Massachusetts General Laws ch. 265 § 43A.

22. Michigan GPS Tracking Laws

In Michigan, the rule is simple: if it’s not your car, don’t track it. Consent is the key here.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. You can’t track someone else’s vehicle without their permission.
• Owner exception: You can always track your own car, whether it’s the family SUV, your teen’s ride, or a company truck.
• Employer rules: Employers may track company-owned vehicles, but never personal vehicle without consent. Getting it in writing is the safest move.
• Penalties: Violations are enforced under Michigan’s privacy and surveillance laws.
• Law enforcement: Police must have a warrant before they attach a GPS tracker.
• Official statute: No specific GPS statute; covered under Michigan privacy laws.

23. Minnesota GPS Tracking Laws

Minnesota is one of the strictest states when it comes to GPS. If you don’t have permission or a court order, forget it.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Tracking without consent or a warrant is unlawful.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car, that's fine.
• Employer rules: Employers may use GPS, but only with employee consent.
• Penalties: Violators can face criminal charges under strict anti-tracking laws.
• Law enforcement: Police need a court order to track anyone.
• Official statute: Minn. Stat. § 626A.35.

24. Mississippi GPS Tracking Laws

Mississippi doesn’t have a specific GPS law, but don’t think that means it’s open season. Privacy and stalking laws still apply.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Not explicitly, but yes. GPS Tracking can fall under stalking or harassment laws.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car or property without a problem.
• Employer rules: Employers should always get consent. Even though there’s no GPS statute, secret tracking is risky.
• Penalties: Violations may be prosecuted under stalking statutes.
• Law enforcement: Police usually need a warrant before tracking.
• Official statute: No specific statute; covered under stalking/privacy laws.

25. Missouri GPS Tracking Laws

In Missouri, sneaky GPS tracking won’t fly. The law protects people’s privacy, but it does give parents and guardians some room to act responsibly.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Secretly tracking someone else’s car is against the law.
• Owner exception: You can track your own vehicle. And if you’re a parent or guardian, you’re allowed to track a minor child’s car for safety.
• Employer rules: Running a business? You need employee consent before tracking, even if it’s a company-owned vehicle.
• Penalties: Violations fall under privacy and stalking laws, and they can lead to serious consequences.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before they can use GPS.
• Official statute: Mo. Rev. Stat. § 455.095.

26. Montana GPS Tracking Laws

Thinking about slipping a GPS tracker on someone’s car in Montana? Don’t. Privacy here isn’t optional, it’s protected.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. No permission? It’s illegal. Simple as that.
• Owner exception: You can track your own ride. Parents? You’re fine keeping tabs on your teen’s car.
• Employer rules: If you’re a boss, you can track company vehicles but only if employees know about it. Personal cars? Off-limits.
• Penalties: Break the rules and you’re looking at privacy or stalking charges.
• Law enforcement: Even police can’t skip the rules. They need a warrant before using GPS.
• Official statute: No dedicated GPS law; enforced under Montana privacy laws.

27. Nebraska GPS Tracking Laws

In Nebraska, the rule couldn’t be simpler: if you don’t have consent, don’t track. Period.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Secretly tracking someone else’s car is against the law.
• Owner exception: Tracking your own truck? No problem. Want to keep tabs on your teen’s car? Totally fine.
• Employer rules: Bosses should play it safe. Always get written consent from workers before you install a tracker.
• Penalties: Break the rule and it falls under Nebraska’s privacy and surveillance laws.
• Law enforcement: Even police must follow the rules. They need a court-issued warrant before tracking.
• Official statute: Nebraska Statute § 86-2103.

28. Nevada GPS Tracking Laws

Nevada keeps things black and white. No permission? Then no tracking, that simple.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Installing a GPS without consent is illegal.
• Owner exception: You can track your own ride. Parents can also track their kids’ vehicles for safety.
• Employer rules: Employers can’t be sneaky. They must get employee consent before tracking work cars.
• Penalties: Violations fall under Nevada’s privacy and tracking laws.
• Law enforcement: Police also need a warrant to use GPS.
• Official statute: Nevada Legislature – NRS § 200.620.

29. New Hampshire GPS Tracking Laws

New Hampshire doesn’t give you wiggle room. If you don’t have consent, you’re committing a crime.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Secret GPS use is a criminal offense here.
• Owner exception: You can track your own vehicle, or one you legally lease.
• Employer rules: Employers must tell workers and get consent before tracking.
• Penalties: Violations lead to criminal charges.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant too and no shortcuts.
• Official statute: N.H. Rev. Stat. § 644-A:4.

30. New Jersey GPS Tracking Laws

In New Jersey, the law is extra tough on employers. If you want to track workers, you have to be upfront.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Unauthorized GPS use is against the law.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car. Parents tracking their kid’s ride? That’s allowed.
• Employer rules: Employers must have written consent before tracking company vehicles.
• Penalties: Slip up and it’s expensive: $1,000 the first time, $2,500 if you do it again.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before tracking anyone.
• Official statute: N.J. Stat. § 34:6B-22.

31. New Mexico GPS Tracking Laws

Thinking about planting a GPS tracker in New Mexico? Don’t. The state treats it like stalking, plain and simple.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Tracking without consent is treated as stalking under state law.
• Owner exception: You can track your own vehicle. Parents are fine tracking their minor child’s car.
• Employer rules: Employers must get employee consent before tracking. Doing it secretly could count as harassment.
• Penalties: Violations fall under New Mexico’s anti-stalking laws.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before attaching a tracker.
• Official statute: N.M. Stat. § 30-3A-3.

32. New York GPS Tracking Laws

In New York, the law is strict, you can’t sneak a tracker on someone’s car, even if you think you have a good reason.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Tracking without consent falls under stalking and privacy laws.
• Owner exception: You can track a car you own. But if others regularly drive it (like a spouse or roommate), you’ll still need their consent.
• Employer rules: Employers must have clear consent and policies in place before tracking workers.
• Penalties: Violations are treated under privacy and stalking statutes.
• Law enforcement: Police must get a warrant before using GPS trackers.
• Official statute: N.Y. Penal Law § 120.45.

33. North Carolina GPS Tracking Laws

In North Carolina, sneaky GPS use can land you a misdemeanor. The state calls it cyberstalking.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. It’s a Class 2 misdemeanor if you track without permission.
• Owner exception: Owners and lessees can track their own cars. Parents can also track their children’s vehicles.
• Employer rules: Employers can track company vehicles, but consent and transparency are a must.
• Penalties: Violations can escalate if done under protective orders.
• Law enforcement: Police must obtain a warrant before using GPS.
• Official statute: NC Gen. Stat. § 14-196.3.

34. North Dakota GPS Tracking Laws

Here’s the deal in North Dakota: if you track someone without their consent, the state says you’re stalking them. No gray area. If you slap a tracker on my car without asking? That’s stalking. And if I did it to you, same thing.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Tracking without consent is legally defined as stalking.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car or property.
• Employer rules: Employers must get employee consent before using GPS.
• Penalties: Depending on the situation, it can be a misdemeanor or a felony.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before using GPS tracking.
• Official statute: N.D. Cent. Code § 12.1-17-07.1.

35. Ohio GPS Tracking Laws

In Ohio, the rule’s easy to remember: if the car isn’t yours, you have no business tracking it. Want to keep tabs on your teen’s driving? Go ahead. But sneaking a tracker onto your ex’s car? That’s asking for legal trouble.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Non-consensual tracking is illegal without the owner’s consent.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car. Parents may also track their child’s vehicle.
• Employer rules: Employers can track company-owned cars, but documenting consent is smart practice.
• Penalties: Handled under Ohio’s privacy and stalking laws.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before attaching GPS trackers.
• Official statute: No specific GPS statute; enforced under general privacy laws.
• 36. Oklahoma GPS Tracking Laws

In Oklahoma, you can’t just toss a tracker on someone’s car and hope they don’t notice. If you track me without asking, that’s illegal. And if I did it to you, same deal.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. You need consent. No exceptions.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car. Parents can track their kids’ vehicles too.
• Employer rules: If you’re the boss, get employee consent in writing. It protects you and keeps things legal.
• Penalties: Violations are usually charged under stalking or electronic privacy laws.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before using GPS.
• Official statute: Oklahoma Statutes – § 21-1173 codes.

37. Oregon GPS Tracking Laws

Oregon makes it clear: if you don’t own the car, you can’t secretly track it. If you did that to me, you’d be breaking the law.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. State law directly bans unauthorized GPS use.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car. Parents can keep tabs on their teens too.
• Employer rules: Employers may track company vehicles, but only with consent.
• Penalties: Violations are treated as unlawful GPS use.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before tracking.
• Official statute: ORS § 163.715.

38. Pennsylvania GPS Tracking Laws

In Pennsylvania, if you’re thinking about tracking me without asking, stop. GPS without consent is against the law, and lawmakers are even expanding the rules to cover Bluetooth devices too.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Unauthorized GPS use is unlawful.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car. Parents can also track their kids’ vehicles.
• Employer rules: Employers can track, but they need consent and clear policies in place.
• Penalties: GPS misuse is illegal. New bills may also criminalize Bluetooth tracking.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before they can track anyone.
• Official statute: Pennsylvania state law + pending legislation on Bluetooth tracking.

39. Rhode Island GPS Tracking Laws

Rhode Island doesn’t give you wiggle room. If you try to track me without my consent or the consent of everyone in the car and that’s illegal.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. You need consent from the owner and the occupants.
• Owner exception: If you own or lease the car, you can track it.
• Employer rules: Employers should still get employee consent to avoid problems.
• Penalties: Violations are criminal offenses under state law.
• Law enforcement: Police must have a warrant first.
• Official statute: R.I. Gen. Laws § 11-69-1.

40. South Carolina GPS Tracking Laws

South Carolina makes it clear: if you don’t have consent, you can’t track. If I installed a tracker on your car without asking, I’d be breaking the law.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Tracking without permission is illegal.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car or property.
• Employer rules: Employers may track company vehicles, but only with employee consent.
• Penalties: Handled under general privacy and anti-stalking laws.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before tracking.
• Official statute: No specific GPS law; covered under South Carolina privacy codes.

41. South Dakota GPS Tracking Laws

In South Dakota, tracking someone without their consent is a no-go. If you slapped a GPS on my car without asking, that’s illegal.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. No consent = unlawful.
• Owner exception: You cHan track your own ride. Parents can track their kid’s car too.
• Employer rules: Bosses can track company vehicles, but only if workers know about it.
• Penalties: Violations are handled under South Dakota’s privacy laws.
• Law enforcement: Even police need a warrant before tracking anyone.
• Official statute: Covered under South Dakota general tracking/privacy codes.

42. Tennessee GPS Tracking Laws

Tennessee doesn’t play around. If you put a GPS tracker on someone’s car without their say-so, you’ve broken the law.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. It’s clearly banned under state law.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car, or if you’re a parent, your child’s vehicle.
• Employer rules: Employers need employee consent before they track.
• Penalties: Violations are treated as criminal offenses.
• Law enforcement: Police must have a warrant before using GPS.
• Official statute: Tenn. Code Ann. § 39-13-606.

43. Texas GPS Tracking Laws

In Texas, you can’t play spy games with someone else’s car. If it’s not yours, don’t track it and the law treats that as a crime.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. It’s a Class A misdemeanor.
• Owner exception: You can track your own vehicle. Parents can also legally track their minor kids.
• Employer rules: If you’re the boss, get written consent before tracking workers and even if you own the company cars.
• Penalties: Violators can face fines up to $4,000 and/or a year in county jail.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant, no sneaky shortcuts.
• Official statute: Texas Penal Code § 16.06.

44. Utah GPS Tracking Laws

Utah keeps it simple: if you try to slap a GPS on my car without asking, that’s illegal. And if I did it to you, same thing.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Unauthorized tracking is unlawful.
• Owner exception: You can track your own vehicle. Parents can also track a child’s car.
• Employer rules: Employers may track, but only with employee consent.
• Penalties: Violations fall under Utah’s privacy and tracking laws.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before tracking anyone.
• Official statute: No dedicated GPS law; enforced under general Utah statutes.

45. Virginia GPS Tracking Laws

Virginia doesn’t have patience for sneaky tracking. Put a GPS on someone’s vehicle without consent, and you’re looking at criminal charges.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Doing it without consent is a crime.
• Owner exception: You can track your own vehicle, but deception or trickery is off-limits.
• Employer rules: Employers must get consent and be transparent with workers.
• Penalties: Violations are prosecuted under Virginia’s criminal codes.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before tracking.
• Official statute: Va. Code § 18.2-60.5.

46. Vermont GPS Tracking Laws

In Vermont, location tracking without consent is off-limits. If I tried to sneak a GPS on your car, the state would treat it like stalking.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. It’s banned under Vermont law.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car, or if you’re a parent, your child’s vehicle.
• Employer rules: Employers need consent before tracking workers. No secret GPS allowed.
• Penalties: Violations fall under Vermont’s stalking statutes.
• Law enforcement: Police must get a warrant before tracking.
• Official statute: Vermont Electronic Communication Privacy Act § 8101.

47. Washington GPS Tracking Laws

In Washington, if your GPS use makes someone feel unsafe, you’re in trouble. If you tried that on me without asking, the state calls it criminal.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. Tracking that causes fear is illegal.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car, or your teen’s, without issue.
• Employer rules: Employers can use GPS on company vehicles, but only with consent and never in a way that causes fear.
• Penalties: Violations are criminal offenses under Washington’s stalking and fear-based laws.
• Law enforcement: Police must obtain a warrant first.
• Official statute: RCW § 9A.90.130.

48. West Virginia GPS Tracking Laws

West Virginia gives you one warning. Track without consent once, and you’re breaking the law. Do it again? That second offense can be a felony.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. It’s illegal without consent.
• Owner exception: You can track your own vehicle, and parents may track their kids’ cars.
• Employer rules: Employers must be clear and get employee consent before tracking.
• Penalties: A first offense is serious. A second offense = felony.
• Law enforcement: Police need a warrant before tracking.
• Official statute: W.Va. Code § 61-3-50.

49. Wisconsin GPS Tracking Laws

In Wisconsin, slipping a tracker onto someone’s car without permission will get you charged. The state classifies it as unauthorized GPS use.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Yes. It’s banned under state law.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car. Parents may track their children’s vehicles.
• Employer rules: Employers can use GPS on company vehicles, but employees should be made aware. Consent is safest.
• Penalties: It’s a Class A misdemeanor, and could also lead to stalking charges.
• Law enforcement: Police must get a warrant before using GPS trackers.
• Official statute: Wis. Stat. § 940.315.

50. Wyoming GPS Tracking Laws

In Wyoming, there’s no special GPS law. But don’t get too comfortable — tracking without consent can still get you charged under stalking or privacy rules.

• Is non-consensual tracking illegal? Not directly, but yes, GPS tracking is enforced under stalking and surveillance laws.
• Owner exception: You can track your own car or property.
• Employer rules: Employers can track with consent. Doing it secretly? That’s risky.
• Penalties: Violations may lead to misdemeanor or felony charges, depending on the case.
• Law enforcement: Police must have a warrant before tracking.
• Official statute: Wyo. Stat. § 6-2-506.

Alright, we’ve walked through every state together and yeah, the rules change depending on where you and I live. 

Some states give you more leeway, others slam the door shut hard. 

But if there’s one thing I want you to remember, it’s this: consent is always your safest move. Trust me, the penalties can hit harder than you think.

So now, let’s move into the next big question, what are the penalties if you break GPS tracking laws?

GPS Tracking Penalties in the USA: What You Need to Know

So, have you ever thought, “Wait... what actually happens if I track someone the wrong way?”

Let’s clear it up.

If you mess up GPS tracking laws, you could face real trouble like fines, jail time, or both. And yep, it varies by state.

Here’s the truth but penalties vary by state, but most places treat illegal GPS tracking seriously. You’re usually looking at fines, possible jail time, or both if you don’t follow the law.

Quick Facts to Know:

1. Owner Exception?
If you own or lease the vehicle, most states say you’re allowed to track it. But don’t stretch that rule too far.

2. Tracking Employees?
You’ll usually need written consent or a solid, signed company policy. No shortcuts here.

3. Police Rules?
Yep, warrants are a must. Cops can’t just throw a tracker on your car (unless there’s a real emergency).

4. Real Penalties?

• Fines: From a few hundred to thousands of dollars
• Jail: Anywhere from a few months up to a year, depending on the state

Now, to make it easier for you, here’s a fast-glance plenty table for 10 popular states:

Quick GPS Tracking Penalties: 10 Popular States

How to Stay Compliant With GPS Tracking Laws

Look, I get it. You just want to track a car, maybe a phone, and stay out of legal trouble while doing it. Good news: following the law doesn’t have to be complicated.

Here’s your no-jail-time step-by-step guide:

1. Get Consent. Every Time.

Thinking of tracking a car or person you don’t legally own or supervise?

Stop. Get clear, written permission first. That includes your employee, your partner, even your buddy.

Pro tip: Have employees sign a GPS policy. Protects you and your company.

2. Only Track What You Own or Lease

If the title isn’t in your name or your business’s name, assume you need consent.

Yes, even if you “share” the car.

Parents? You're usually okay to track your minor kids. Most states allow it.

3. Don’t Track After Hours (Unless You’re Covered)

In places like California and New York, off-duty tracking = privacy violation. If it’s not spelled out in your policy, don’t do it.

Rule of thumb: No consent? No tracking after 5pm.

4. Don’t Be Creepy (Seriously)

Did you know GPS tracking that causes emotional distress can trigger stalking charges?

Yep, even if no one gets hurt. States like Colorado, Washington, and Massachusetts don’t mess around.

5. Employers: Have a Written GPS Policy

Spell. It. Out.

• Which devices are tracked
• When tracking happens
• How location data is stored
• Who has access to that data

Clear policies = legal protection + team trust.

6. Law Enforcement? Warrant Required.

Unless you’re chasing Batman, you need a judge’s OK.

Most states now toss GPS data collected without a warrant. Don’t lose your case on a technicality.

7. When in Doubt, Just Ask a Lawyer

Every state has its own twist. Unsure if your setup is legal? Call a professional before you drop that tracker.

Especially for:

• Partner tracking
• Teen driver monitoring
• Employee tracking across state lines

Final Reminder:

Tracking without consent is often treated as stalking. So, don't risk fines. Or worse, jail time. Track the right way: legally, ethically, and transparently.

Final Thoughts: GPS Tracking Laws Are Evolving - Stay Smart, Stay Legal

So, what’s the bottom line?

GPS tracking can be helpful. It can protect your fleet, give you peace of mind about your teenager’s driving, or streamline your business operations.

But the moment you cross into “non-consensual” territory?

Things get risky. And in 2025, more states are cracking down than ever before. From hefty fines to felony charges, the consequences are real.

Here’s what to remember:

• If you own the car, you're usually good. Still, don’t assume, check your state laws first.
• If you’re tracking someone else’s car or phone? Get consent. Written is best.
• Employers: create a transparent GPS policy. Your HR team will thank you later.
• Law enforcement and investigators? You need a warrant. Period.

 Whether you’re a business owner, a concerned parent, or just someone trying to “keep an eye” on things. This GPS tracking law’s guide gives you everything you need to make safe, legal, and informed tracking decisions.

Still unsure? When in doubt, ask a lawyer. Because ignorance won’t protect you from penalties.

And don’t forget, we update this guide every year. Bookmark it. Share it. Stay ahead of the law.

Ready to Stay Legal. Stay in Control?

Now that you know the laws, protect yourself with the safest option out there. An OBD GPS tracker lets you track smarter without risking fines or legal trouble.

👉 Shop Legal-Safe OBD GPS Trackers Now →

Author Disclosure

Written by Ryan Horban,a GPS Tracking Expert with 15+ Years of Experience.

Over the past 15 years, I’ve helped everyone from parents and pet owners to fleet managers and small business teams choose GPS solutions that actually work.

Whether it’s tracking a car, a child, or an entire fleet, my focus is on simple, legal, and effective setups that protect what matters, without the tech headaches.

I've worked hands-on with real users, tested dozens of devices, and know what truly works in the real world.

👉 Connect with me on LinkedIn →

FAQs: GPS Tracking Laws

Is it legal to put a GPS tracker on someone else’s car?

Usually no. If you don’t own the car or don’t have permission, it’s likely illegal in most U.S. states.

Federal and state laws view this as an invasion of privacy. You can track your own car or with consent, but planting a GPS on someone else’s ride? That’s stalking in many states.

Do police need a warrant to track a car with GPS?

Yes. In most cases, law enforcement must get a court-issued warrant.

U.S. Supreme Court decisions (like United States v. Jones) require a warrant before attaching a GPS device to someone’s car. Exceptions may apply in emergencies, but they’re rare.

Can an employer track company vehicles or employee phones?

Yes, with conditions. But consent and notice are usually required.

Most states allow employers to track company-owned assets. However, workers must be notified, and for phones or personal vehicles, written consent is strongly recommended.

What are the penalties for illegal GPS tracking?

It varies by state. Fines can reach $1,000–$5,000 or lead to jail time.

Example: In Texas, illegal GPS tracking is a Class A misdemeanor, up to 1 year in jail. Other states like California, Colorado, and Washington impose similar or harsher penalties.

Can I track my teen’s car without consent?

If you’re the legal parent or guardian, then yes.

Parents typically have the legal right to track minor children using devices on vehicles or phones they own. But once they turn 18? You’ll likely need consent.

Are there federal penalties for GPS misuse?

Yes, but most enforcement is state-level.

Federal laws like the Wiretap Act and Electronic Communications Privacy Act may apply, especially if the tracker transmits private data across state lines.

How often do state laws change, and how do I stay updated?

Changes happen every year, usually in January or July.

To stay compliant, check your state’s official legal site, subscribe to law firm alerts, or revisit trusted sources like this page (we update it annually).